Why your dog’s plaque could become a problem
Just like people, dogs naturally build up plaque on their teeth. Plaque is a soft, sticky film made mostly of bacteria that forms on dogs’ teeth. If the plaque isn’t removed, it hardens into tartar, which then irritates the gums.
Once tartar forms, it can be removed by a professional cleaning. Tartar can also lead to periodontal disease, a painful condition that affects the tissues supporting the teeth.
Why is it important to prevent dental disease in dogs?
Dental disease can impact your dog’s overall health. Not only can it cause discomfort while eating, but dental disease may also contribute to tooth loss and allow bacteria to enter the bloodstream and spread to other parts of the body.
Unfortunately, though, dogs are really good at hiding pain, so you might not notice a problem until bad breath, red gums, or changes in chewing show up.
That’s why proper dental care and disease prevention are important parts of your dog’s overall health—not just their smile. Taking the right care of your dog’s teeth—including getting routine professional dental cleanings—can help maintain their comfort and health long before pain becomes obvious.
Getting your dog comfortable with brushing
Brushing is the best way to remove plaque and slow tartar buildup. While it may feel difficult at first, brushing doesn’t have to be hard or stressful—for you or your dog.
Use the right toothpaste and toothbrush
When it comes to brushing your dog’s teeth, the right tools matter. Make sure to:
- Choose a dog-specific toothpaste. Toothpaste made for humans can be harmful to dogs if swallowed because it may contain xylitol and/or fluoride, both of which are toxic to dogs. Dog toothpaste is made to be safe for dogs and comes in a variety of flavors like chicken and poultry, as well as unflavored options. Plus, it doesn’t contain the same foaming agents as our toothpaste, so it makes less mess and won’t make your dog sick.
Tip: Try a few flavors to see what your dog likes best.
- Pick the right cleaning tool. A soft-bristled toothbrush—whether it’s made for humans or specifically for dogs—or finger brush works well for most dogs and is gentle on the gums.
Tip: If you have more than one dog, use a separate toothbrush for each.
How to introduce teeth brushing to your dog
Remember: toothbrushing doesn't feel natural for dogs. If your dog isn’t used to having their teeth brushed, it might make them nervous, so start slowly.
You can help your dog calm down before you brush their teeth by petting them, playing with them, or taking them out for a walk first. Try to maintain this routine before each toothbrushing session, so they know what to expect.
If you’ve never brushed your dog’s teeth before, start with these steps:
- Step #1: Let your dog lick pet-safe toothpaste off your finger or their toothbrush.
- Step #2: Gently rub your dog’s gums to help them get used to the feeling of something foreign touching their teeth and gums.
Tip: While you do this, you can also practice moving their lips out of the way with your other hand, so you can reach their teeth more easily.
- Step #3: When your dog is feeling comfortable, begin combining these steps by rubbing their gums and teeth with your finger and the toothpaste.
- Step #4: Next, try introducing the toothbrush. Touch it to their teeth on the front, sides, and back so they can get used to the feeling of it.
You don't need to try all of these steps right away—or even work up to brushing your dog's teeth in a single week! Take your time and work with your dog and their specific needs. Most dogs understand their owners want to take care of them. If you stay calm, it can help them know everything is okay.
A step-by-step guide to brushing your dog's teeth
When your dog is ready for a full brushing session, try working around your dog’s mouth in sections and taking frequent breaks—both these tactics can help keep them relaxed.
Step #1: Start on the top teeth.
Use your fingers to move their upper lip out of the way while you brush their front teeth. Then, move to the side and back teeth on the left or right. Brush at a 45-degree angle to get up to the gumline. Take a break to praise or comfort your dog before moving to the other side.
Tip: Taking frequent breaks to help your dog stay calm can make the brushing experience better for everyone, including you! You can reward them with praise, pets, or a treat after you finish each section of their mouth.
Step #2: Brush their bottom teeth.
Use the exact same technique you just did on top: use your fingers to move their lower lipout of the way and brush at a 45-degree angle. Start on the front teeth, then move to the sides and back, taking breaks as needed to reassure your dog.
Tip: If you only make it through one section of your dog’s mouth the first time, that’s okay! With practice, your dog will learn to tolerate teeth brushing better, and over time, you’ll be able to finish brushing their entire mouth.
Step #3: Try brushing the inside surfaces of your dog's teeth.
If they’re still feeling comfortable, you can give this a try. This area might be harder to brush, especially if your dog is getting tired of you touching their mouth and face.
Tip: Keeping brushing calm and positive helps build trust. Don’t forget to give them a tasty treat afterward as an added bonus!
How often should you brush your dog's teeth?
Ideally, your dog would have their teeth brushed once a day. That said, even brushing a few times a week is better than not brushing at all. Progress matters more than perfection. Remind yourself that every time you brush their teeth, you're actively supporting your dog's dental health and keeping their whole body healthy along the way.
If you need more tips and advice on how to safely clean your dog’s teeth at home, reach out to your vet.
Other ways to support your dog’s dental care at home
Brushing is the best way to care for your dog’s teeth at home, but it isn’t the only option. Many pet parents use extra tools for at-home dental care, especially for dogs that resist brushing. If you go this route, always look for pet dental health products approved by the Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC).
Dental chews and treats
Dental chews and treats are specifically created to help reduce plaque on dogs’ teeth. They usually have ridges or a tougher texture that helps rub off unwanted plaque and keeps breath fresher. Keep in mind that some chews are high in calories, so they might not be appropriate to feed your dog every day.
Tip: Dogs should always be watched while chewing to reduce the risk of choking, swallowing the chew whole, or fracturing teeth. Choose products specifically made for dental health.
Prescription dental meal plans
Like dental chews, these dental dog foods usually have a texture that helps keeps teeth cleaner. Some dental dog foods are larger kibbles that take longer to chew to help remove the plaque and clean up the gumline. Most standard dry foods don't provide enough dental support since they’re often swallowed whole or break apart before cleaning along the gumline.
Tip: You might need a prescription for specialized dental meal plans. Ask your vet if they recommend a prescription dog food to help support your dog's dental health.
Dental wipes
Dental wipes are disposable wipes or pads that can remove plaque, food, and bacteria. All you have to do is wrap a wipe around your finger, then rub it against your dog’s teeth and gums to clean them. Some dental wipes even fit over your finger like a glove. They’re premoistened so you don’t need to use toothpaste, and they're meant to be used every day.
Tip: Try starting with dental wipes before you introduce teeth brushing to help get your dog used to you handling their mouth.
Dental gels
Dental gels are brush-free gels that mix with saliva and coat your dog’s teeth to help decrease plaque buildup and freshen breath. They usually come in a squeeze bottle with a tip you can insert into your dog’s mouth easily to apply on their gumline. Some have antibacterial ingredients to help break down germs or calming agents to soothe irritated gums.
Water additives
For dogs who really don’t like brushing, there are water additives that help support dental health. These are almost like mouthwashes for dogs. Depending on the product, they can be added to every bowl of water —or added to one bowl of water a day —to help maintain fresh breath and reduce plaque buildup. While some have a fresh smell, some are flavorless and odorless, so your dog won’t even notice!
Remember: There are lots of ways to help keep your dog's teeth clean; however, brushing is best. If your dog is comfortable with it, brushing is the most powerful step you can take at home for their dental health.
Making dental care work in real life
Many pet parents find it helpful to add dental care to an existing routine, such as after a walk or before bedtime. Whether you're giving them a dental chew or brushing their teeth, consistency can help them get used to their new routine and stay calm.
If your dog is nervous or sensitive, go slowly and celebrate small wins. Routine over time matters much more than perfection.
Tip: Keep in mind your dog’s age when you’re developing a dental care routine. Puppies may benefit from starting early—even before they lose their puppy teeth—so they can get used to the routine and gentle brushing. Meanwhile, senior dogs may need shorter sessions and extra patience.
Why professional dental cleanings still matter
Even with great at-home care, there are areas of your dog’s mouth that brushing and chews can’t reach. Plaque and bacteria often hide below the gumline, where they can cause the most damage to the teeth and tissues supporting the teeth.
Professional dental cleanings give vets a chance take a closer look at your dog’s mouth, clean beneath the gums, and address issues early. These cleanings are done under anesthesia so your dog can stay still and comfortable during a thorough exam and cleaning. Anesthesia is chosen based on your dog’s health and is closely monitored by trained veterinary professionals who focus on your dog’s safety and comfort throughout the procedure.
Dental care is often discussed during routine wellness checkups. These visits are a good opportunity to ask questions and talk through what your dog needs before problems start.
Over time, having these conversations can make professional cleanings feel more familiar—and less intimidating—as part of your dog’s overall care.
When it comes to your dog's teeth, small steps make a big difference
Caring for your dog’s teeth doesn’t have to be all or nothing. Choosing one small habit to start—like brushing once or twice a week—can make dental care feel more manageable. These simple habits can add up and make a meaningful difference in how your dog feels every day.
Your dog’s next wellness checkup is a great time to discuss dental health with your veterinary team. Ask what signs of dental disease to watch for, how often dental cleanings are recommended, and which at-home habits make the most sense for your dog. These conversations help keep dental care focused on prevention before problems have a chance to develop.
Frequently asked questions
Frequently asked questions about this topic
No. Dogs of any age can benefit from improved dental care. Starting now can still help. Talk with your vet about what at-home routines may be best for your older dog.
Stop brushing and talk with your veterinary team. Bleeding gums can be a sign of inflammation or dental disease and should be looked at by a professional.
If your dog swallows human toothpaste, contact your vet or call Animal Poison Control right away.
Anesthesia-free cleanings may remove tartar you can see, but they don’t allow for your vet to do a thorough cleaning under the gumline or do a whole oral exam. More importantly, they aren’t comfortable for your dog. Your vet can help you decide what’s right for your dog.
Dogs often keep eating despite pain. Signs that may point to pain include bad breath, pawing at their mouth, dropping food, or changes in chewing habits. When in doubt, contact your vet.
